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• 12 week randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre parallel trial Online publication date confirmed against the PubMed publication date field and the PMC record.

  A killed bacterial supplement did nothing overall, and moved weight in the half of people whose guts were least diverse

  A registered, powered twelve week trial of a heat killed bacterial preparation missed its primary outcome in 120 overweight adults. Weight, BMI and leptin moved only in the half of participants whose gut community was least diverse to begin with, a split the authors did not plan.

  Gut Microbes 18(1):2722835 · Lim et al. · the LOTTE R and D Center · 25 August 2026 · PMID 42640624

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