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• Three level meta-analysis of 26 randomised crossover trials Date verified

  Effects of Acute Caffeine Supplementation on Physical, Sport-Specific, Physiological, Perceptual, and Cognitive Outcomes in Female Team-Sport Athletes: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

  Pooling 26 crossover trials in female team sport athletes, caffeine produced a small edge in sprinting, jumping and change of direction, and made hard efforts feel easier. Skill based and cognitive outcomes showed nothing reliable, and no dose, timing or format pattern held up.

  Nutrients · Li et al. · Henan Sport University · 24 July 2026 · PMID 42588052

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