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• Randomised crossover Date verified

  Carbohydrate during intervals spared muscle glycogen but not liver glycogen

  Sixty grams of maltodextrin during hard intervals cut muscle glycogen use by about 40 percent and left the liver untouched. Adding caffeine and four other actives cancelled the sparing, because the riders simply went harder.

  American Journal of Physiology · Hannon et al. · Manchester Metropolitan University · 4 August 2026 · PMID 42552237

  carbohydrateendurance-fuelingmetabolismcaffeine